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Description
Mineral wool and products made from it are the most common thermal insulation materials. Depending on the raw material, the following types of fibers are distinguished: mineral, glass, kaolin, wollastonite, etc. They have a different chemical composition, which determines the temperature of their application. Cotton wool consists of microscopic sizes of vitreous fibers, in most cases randomly located, and particles of solidified melt that have not formed into fibers - "beads".
This work shows the possibility of obtaining mineral fiber from industrial waste using the energy of low-temperature plasma. It has been established that mineral fibers obtained from the investigated raw materials by melting with the help of plasma energy followed by blowing the melt with atmospheric air meet the requirements of regulatory documents in almost all parameters. The exception is fibrous material from waste oil shale, the fiber diameter of which exceeds the norm, regulated by GOST 4640-93. Fibers obtained from industrial waste are characterized by an increased modulus of acidity, which has a positive effect on the chemical and thermal stability of the fibers. Hydrolytic stability increases, as would be expected, for fibers with a higher acidity modulus. However, the mineral wool contains a larger amount of non-fibrous inclusions and has a larger filament diameter.
Thus, as a result of the conducted studies of energy production waste with different chemical and mineralogical composition, a real possibility of their use in the production of mineral fibers was established. Ashes and waste of oil shale with an increased modulus of acidity can be considered promising for the production of fibers with increased chemical resistance and operational properties, provided a homogeneous melt with a high degree of chemical homogeneity is obtained, which is possible in installations using highly concentrated plasma flows.
